This dualism is more apparent in movies: most of them describe a fierce struggle between the villain and the hero, and as the scripts of these films rarely deviate from the archetypes, the audience knows beforehand how the movie will end.
In our investigation into the tridimensionality of realities created by a Trinitarian God, we find this dualism, and we think that there has to be another character in addition to these two. His function is so innocuous, ignored or discreet that he is not even named; but he exists and is as real as the other two character archetypes.
When we deal with electricity, our discourse almost always revolves only around the positive and the negative poles, and we often forget the neutral state. But this middle state is just as important as the other two. The same occurs here: if nothing else, both the villain and the hero need an audience or seek supporters among the people, whom they understand as being neutral, that is, apathetic and indifferent, to either of their causes.
The profiles of the first two main characters of our text are well defined: as we have said, they are the paradigms, archetypes of humanity. The third protagonist, however, has many faces and many names, and is therefore difficult to define; like the zero on the left, he may be taken as nothing or almost nothing, and may not even be an archetype.
Antihero is the name we give him, but he may as well be called or described as: indifferent, disinterested, inept, impassive, insensitive, cold, indolent, inert, changeable, lethargic, discouraged, dispassionate, blasé, tepid, faint-hearted, irresolute, still, passive, lazy, idle, null, observer, spectator, neutral, bystander, and impartial. These are the characteristics that set him apart from both the hero and the villain.
Both in the present and in the historical past, the hero is remembered and loved while the villain is remembered and hated, like Pontius Pilate in the Creed. The apathetic one, on the other hand, is not remembered. He is ignored and, as such, he is neither loved nor hated; in fact, his existence is a nonexistence. He undoes what God has done, that is, God created him out of nothing to be somebody, and as he was a nobody in life, he went back into nothingness.
Politics: hero - villain - voters
Both in times of election, the only time when the peoples have power and are sovereign, and in times of governance, each political party, whether in power or in opposition, seeks to denigrate the other, turning the other into a scapegoat for all the ills and presenting themselves as the hero, saviour of the homeland.
This tactic works and delivers results because the politicians skillfully appeal, use and abuse the archetype that is well-imprinted in the minds of the voters who make up the majority. For the right-wing liberal and conservative parties, which proclaim the value of freedom as absolute, the hero is the individual, the singular person and his freedom; the villain is the State.
For the left-wing parties, Marxist-oriented parties, the hero is the collective, they are the workers, the proletariat and when they are in power, the State; the villain is the bourgeoisie, the capitalists, the rich, the bosses. For today’s populism, the hero is a charismatic leader who deceives and makes the people believe that they themselves are the true hero. The villain is divided into two: an internal one, who is the "status quo" or the corrupt system, and an external one, constituted of terrorists, immigrants, Muslims, etc.
For Trump's America, the internal villain is the political class, which he called "the swamp of Washington", and the root of all evil; the external are the illegal Mexican migrants, murderers, rapists, those at the service of the drug cartels. For Boris Johnson, the internal villain is the European Union which is not democratic and the root of all the evils that afflict the United Kingdom, the external are the Turks, Syrian immigrants, etc.
These politicians give themselves the air of messiahs, redeemers and saviours, making the people believe that they are revolutionaries, and that they interpret and execute the will of the people. But once in power, they are no different from the fascist dictators of the last century: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, Franco, Salazar and others. I understand that today’s populism is really a sort of neo-fascism.
This type of leader relies on the total adulation, apathy and blindness of the people, because when reality is not favorable to his cause, he invents an alternative reality and his followers, so accommodating, accept the alternative reality and shun the true reality. The truth is no longer impartial and objective, it is confused with the subjectivity of the leader. To do this, the leader needs to be in continuous communication with the people, bombarding them with his reality and alternate truth. Trump’s continuous tweets are an example of this. The often hammered lie equates to the truth; the little-publicized truth equates to a lie.
A present day proof and sample of this is Donald Trump's assertion one year before he became the president of United States that he could “stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot somebody” and not “lose any voters”. Other leaders have fallen for lesser crimes and abuses of power, and yet he still remains standing; impunity is characteristic of European and Latin American fascism stemming from the last century, as well as of this neo-fascism called populism
Religion: hero - villain - believers/sinners
Saint Michael the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil; May God rebuke him, we humbly pray; And do thou, O Prince of the Heavenly Host, by the power of God, thrust into hell Satan and all evil spirits who wander through the world seeking the ruin of souls. Amen.
In the imagery of virtually all religions, God takes on the role of the hero and the devil the role of the villain. The people are faithful when they are aligned with God and sinful when they are aligned with the devil. According to the prayer mentioned above, very popular here in the Archdiocese of Toronto and recited after every Mass in many of its Churches, the devil seems more proactive than God.
Long ago God spoke to our ancestors in many and various ways by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by a Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom he also created the worlds. Hebrews 1:1-2
According to the letter to the Hebrews, it is common theology that God, at the same time immanent and transcendent, except when he sent his Son, does not act directly in the history of mankind. The prayer to St. Michael seems to suggest that the same does not happen with the demon, this and other evil spirits wander the world to the perdition of souls.
So many years after the theologian Rudolf Bultmann invited us to demystify the gospel, that is, to cleanse it of any and all myths, beliefs and superstitions of the ancient world placed there by the idiosyncrasy and imagination of the biblical authors, the myth of the devil's existence seems to cling to our faith like a tick to a dog.
The devil does not exist, it is the absence of God; darkness does not exist, it is the absence of light; evil does not exist, it is the absence of good. The personification of evil outside of us is a myth; evil exists yes, but in us and not outside of us. We embody evil when we do evil actions or when we stop doing good.
The devil does not tempt us, each “one is tempted by one’s own desire, being lured and enticed by it; then, when that desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin, and that sin, when it is fully grown, gives birth to death”, (James 1, 14-15). Temptation is part of human nature; it comes from within and not from without; we don't need any devil to make us feel inclined and tempted to carry out this or that action.
(...) Do you not see that whatever goes into a person from outside cannot defile, since it enters, not the heart (…) It is what comes out of a person that defiles. For it is from within, from the human heart, that evil intentions come: fornication, theft, murder, adultery, avarice, wickedness, deceit, licentiousness, envy, slander, pride, folly. All these evil things come from within, and they defile a person. Mark 7:18-23
Evil is like a virus that has infected the whole humanity. Viruses do not exist by themselves; they are parasitic in nature, and therefore always need a host that welcomes them in order to thrive and survive. Original sin can also be compared to a hereditary disease that is passed from parents to children, and from generation to generation. As St. Paul says, when one sinned, all sinned.
We can understand how ordinary people still live their faith with these stereotypes or categories, but for priests, bishops, cardinals and popes to still hold onto this imagery, it is sad. In some way, those who believe in the existence of the devil or demons are polytheists, since the way the devil is described in its essence and existence, it is as if it were the god of evil. The faithful who fall, not once or twice but countless of times, into the traps of these spirits, as the prayer suggests, are at least at that moment, worshipers of the devil as well and, therefore, polytheists.
The hero and the villain within us
Homo simul justus et peccator – Holy, holy, holy, only God is holy. We are always sinners because some degree of sin is always present within us. That is why we are at the same time upright and sinners. If we are not with God, then we are not with anyone else because there is no one else outside of Him. He who does not gather with me scatters, says Jesus in the Gospel (Luke 12:15-26).
Every saint has been and still is a sinner; every sinner can be a saint. There is a villain and a hero within each one of us, and a nobody as well: this all depends on the choices we make at every moment of our lives. In the old movies, only the virtues of the hero and the flaws of the villain are presented. In reality, neither the hero has only virtues, nor the villain only defects; reality is a line drawn from black to white, but between these two primary colors, there are a multitude hues of gray. Therefore, some border more towards black, others more towards white.
Neither a hero nor a villain is born out of a normal life without any problems, it is normally a neutral, apathetic average Joe who comes out from such a life. Both the hero and the villain had a difficult and traumatic past. We see this pattern in movies, and especially in cartoons: Bruce Wayne (Batman) saw his parents murdered. Peter Parker (Spiderman) caused, albeit indirectly, the death of his beloved uncle who raised him; Clark Kent (Superman) is an orphan from a planet where all his loved ones were destroyed.
Movies don't usually reveal the villain’s past so that we don't identify with him, but the villain also had a traumatic past, like the hero, in which he was also a victim. The villain uses his past to consciously or unconsciously justify his negative motivations and actions. We know that victims of sexual abuse are often turned into abusers themselves.
Therefore, both the hero and the villain were victimized in the past and both spend the rest of their lives taking revenge: the hero on those who commit crimes in which he himself was once a victim, finding pleasure in restoring justice, helping the underdog and the underprivileged like he once was, when no one helped him. The villain is an irrecuperable person, since he takes revenge for the evil that was done to him in the past on innocent people in the present, that is, he continually reproduces and perpetuates the injustice and the crime he suffered.
In many films, the storyline presents the hero going on a journey that starts when the hero as a victim meets a master, and serves under him in something akin to an apprenticeship. This is a time of recovery from injuries that forces the victim to face his pain, to overcome the ambitions of revenge, selfishness and personal pride, and compels him to go out of himself, seeing in others the pain he suffered. It is this acquired empathy that will be the engine of his heroic life. Take Nelson Mandela, for example: the time in prison was a time of desert, of coming face to face with himself and with the violent attitudes of the time of youth.
In this sense, the villain is an irrecoverable hero, a person who did not go through this process, or who did not have the possibility to do so, and therefore he remained a victim his whole life and he will reproduce again and again in the present the crime he suffered in the past. In this way, the righteous will pay for the sinner, just as it happened in his case, when he was made into a victim.
Most of us do not identify fully with either the hero or the villain, but with someone in the middle: the antihero. For this reason, in modern films, the figure of the antihero, which more people can identify with, is almost more common than the figure of the hero, which they find to be predictable and unattainable. In the past, movies exercised an educational and pedagogical function of formation in human ideals in society. In old movies, there were almost no antiheroes: the characters were either heroes or villains.
Today by contrast, movies have almost no heroes or villains, but a countless variants of antiheroes for everyone’s taste. They are people who look like us to subliminally tell us that what we are doing is okay; we forget that "evil of many is consolation of fools", as the proverb says. The film is no longer urging us to grow as human beings, to embrace human values and ideals, but instead, it urges us to stay just as we are. This is the reason for the success of reality television series and soap operas, where everyday life is mirrored, with current characters who are in no way different from us, and who confuse what we are with what we ought to be. Ethics disappear, and everything is fine and acceptable.
The myth of redemptive violence
When the hero uses violent and less conventional methods, such as when he does not trust the judicial system and takes justice into his own hands, he is subliminally telling us that violence redeems, that it is justified and it is the solution to restore justice or solve a problem. The truth is that it is spreading a false myth, because violence begets each time more and more violence, that is, it not only does not solve any problem permanently but it also creates other ones.
From an early age, children are indoctrinated in this system of dominance through the worship and admiration of the figure of the hero in cartoons and later on in movies. An invincible hero opposes a seemingly also invincible villain. Children, young people or even ourselves, consciously identify with the hero. In this case, we have a good concept of who we are. But unconsciously we also identify with the villain, to whom we project our repressed anger, our rebellion and lust, and enjoy our wickedness for three quarters of the film in which evil seems to be winning.
When at last, good prevails over evil at the end of the film, after much effort and suffering, it is as if in our hearts we are able to restore order to our own evils and bad instincts. That's why we love watching movies so much or maybe we need them to keep our aggression under control or at a manageable level. This type of sublimation also happens in sports: it is always preferable for rival groups or countries to clash in stadiums or in Olympic Games than on battlefields.
Films, therefore, function as a liberating catharsis, because the punishment on the villain in the movie corresponds to a self-punishment for our negative tendencies. Salvation is found in our identification with the hero, hence the use of violence against others and against ourselves, as well as the perpetuation of the dominance system are being justified and reinforced.
As in the ancient Roman arenas, where gladiators fought each other to the death and where Christians were devoured by beasts, as well as in today’s bullfighting arenas, violence is not just a means to obtain justice and peace: our culture has made it into a pleasant and gratifying spectacle.
THE HERO
The hero, in the most classic sense of old movies, is usually the main character of the story who seeks to achieve noble and good goals, through just and morally acceptable means. He possesses the admirable qualities found in a human being, such as courage, faith, determination, perseverance and honor, and he often sacrifices his own life to achieve his goals, especially when these have to do with people who need saving.
The heroes of ancient Greece were demigods, that is, they were children of the union between a god and a human being. That's why they had divine characteristics, like Achilles and his superhuman powers. However, they also had an Achilles’ heel, that is, vulnerabilities that made them seem more earthly and susceptible to human weaknesses thus making it easier for us to identify with them.
The hero can be vulnerable, but he has no flaws, especially moral flaws. He is a pure altruist, philanthropist, lover of humanity and of the poor, the humble, the exploited and the victimized, for whom he is willing to give up his life. The hero can also make mistakes, but only because he thought he was doing something right, that is, he can make errors of miscalculation, or accidental mistakes.
Human values in action
The hero is a model of perfection, he embodies human values and applies them in his daily life. He represents our duty to be or what we ought to be, in the way he lives the human nature common to all of us in the best manner possible. It is uplifting to see these human values being practiced by a character, whether in reality, in a movie or in a theater.
Humility – It is the most important quality of the human person, it is the basis of all virtues. When there is humility, many of the other virtues can exist; the lack of humility makes it difficult for other virtues to exist. It is a virtue and the root of all virtues.
The humble person assumes responsibility for mistakes he makes, and he does not seek scapegoats for his guilt. The humble leader sets a good example and does not ask anyone to do what he himself is unwilling to do. The humble leader understands power as service.
Honor – It is to respect our superiors and earn the respect of those under our command. It is the reputation we earn from those we serve and from those who serve us.
Courage – Courage is not the absence of fear; fear is proper to human nature, only a fool does not have it. Courage is the strength that overcomes fear.
Compassion – It is to have mercy in the face of human misery, it is to feel the pain of those who suffer it and to seek to remedy its evil.
Faithfulness/Loyalty – To remain faithful to ourselves and to others when they face adversity. Never give up on someone, no matter how difficult it is, for as long as it takes: this is the true measure of any great relationship. Be faithful to the word given, to the commitment made, whatever happens.
Honesty - Being true to our word. Being sincere at all times, in all situations, without subterfuge, when we are under observation and when we are alone. It is avoiding all temptation of corruption, of saying one thing and doing another, of having two faces. To be honest is to be true to ourselves.
Prudence - Prudence is the ability to face reality head-on, without allowing emotion or the ego to intrude, and do what is best for everyone.
Magnanimity – It is not to abuse power, it is to forgive and to deny ourselves the right to avenge according to the law of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth".
Kindness – It manifests itself in a simple smile, a pat on the back, little things that can change a person's life. In addition to gestures, it also manifests itself in acts of charity, according to the circumstances and needs of others.
Patience – It is knowing how to wait for things to happen; "Rome and Pavia were not made in a day", it is to give time to time, respect the time and rhythm of others, as well as accept them as they are.
Generosity – "Love is seen in deeds not in words" says the Spanish proverb. "Words! The wind blows them away," people remember more what we do for them than what we say to them. To be generous is to go out of our way, it is truly to love our neighbor as ourselves, understanding that he has the same rights as us.
Empathy – It is the art or capacity to feel how others feel, to see reality as others see, to imbue ourselves in their situation, to cry with those who cry and to laugh with those who laugh. It is knowing how to communicate to others that we are with them, we feel with them, and with them we seek solution to the problem.
Cooperation – It's working as a team, it's accepting that others have ideas to contribute too; it's failing as a group and succeeding as a group.
Assertiveness – It is the dominance of anger; it is to say what has to be said without criticizing or attacking anyone; it is rejecting sin without rejecting the sinner; it is denouncing injustice without accusing the unjust. It's defending ourselves without attacking others.
Integrity – The upright person is a person who guides his life by human values, to which he gives his absolute allegiance. The upright person is immovable in his convictions which are the result of practice of all virtues.
Conclusion - At any time and in any place, in any situation or in any circumstance, in this or that matter, in this or in that historical fact, the hero uses these virtues, these human values as his breastplate and sword and, therefore, is always successful.
THE VILLAIN
The villain breaks the routine, harmony, and peace, creates a conflict and drags the hero into it. If the hero is usually the protagonist or main character of the story, then the villain is the antagonist who acts against the hero. Also, he does not look for means to achieve his goals, which are usually petty, selfish and revolve around temporal values, pleasure, wealth, luxury, power, fame. Unlike the hero who sacrifices himself for others, the villain sacrifices others for his own good.
The counter-values of the villain
The villain's counter-values are the antithesis of the hero's values. When movies had an educational function in society, that is, when they had stories with a message and not just a bare and raw reproduction of what happens in everyday life, like the soap operas, the reality shows and many current films, the performance of the villain, his goal, his behavior, his works and the consequence of these were as pedagogical as the performance of the hero.
If the hero tells us how we should behave and proves the excellence of this behavior by the happy ending of the film, the villain would surreptitiously tell us how we should not behave and proves it in the aftermath of his bad works, that is, in his own unfortunate end. Today, films have open and sometimes unhappy endings and let us, the spectators, draw our own conclusions. In a way, for the director of the film, whatever the conclusion, message or anti message, we take from the film is acceptable to him.
Proud, arrogant and braggart – He is an offensive demonstration of superiority or self-importance, and arrogant pride. The villain needs to manifest these attitudes towards others to hide his feeling of insignificance towards himself, in order that others do not discover what he knows about himself. Someone rightly said, "When you see a giant in front of you, make sure it's not the shadow of a dwarf." Only those who do not accept and want to disguise their short stature wear high heels.
Selfish – The self-centered person thinks that the world revolves around him. The selfish person shows himself to be superior to others, so others have to serve him. He gives himself an importance that he really does not have. He always seeks his own interest, takes advantage of others and of situations, does not think about the consequences that his behavior can have on others or how he can hurt them, because he suffers from "myopic" empathy, as he does not see well past his own nose.
Dependent – Because of his selfishness, he is dependent on others, he needs them at his service because he cannot do things for himself. He is pessimistic and suspicious, and since he thinks others are like him therefore to attack is the best defense. Others are his enemies a priori, which is why he is always anxious in face to face encounters with others, not being free and independent like the hero.
Dishonest – About sins committed and sins omitted. He tells lies or hides the truth which when he does tells it, it is half-truth; he pretends, makes himself the victim. He hides important information and adds false details to stories and situations. Steals, cheats...
In love with power and control – He has no power or control over himself, over his anger, his passions, and therefore he wants to have power and control over others. He exercises this power and control always to his own benefit, manipulating, blackmailing, punishing, torturing, deceiving, laying and setting traps for others to fall into.
Resentful, vindictive, intolerant, violent – He never forgives and does not even have the sense of justice of "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth", that is, he does not pay in the same currency, always wants to be on top and therefore exceeds the violence that has been done to him, that is, he takes both eyes out from those who took one from him.
Prejudiced – He has opinions about everything and about everyone, opinions that have never seen the light of reason, that is, they have never been analyzed in the light of reason. Blacks are like that, gypsies are like that, English are like that, women... all are opinions about groups of people and about everything in general, guided in life by these prejudices and not by reason or by present reality.
Rationalizes – He finds a justification for everything he does; in this sense, he easily forgives himself for the cruelest of acts. Others are never justified for doing what they do against him, but on the contrary, he is always right. He is like the cat that always lands on its feet.
Envious – For this reason he is also a gossiper, speaks ill of others, criticizes them behind their backs, and never sees good in anyone. But deep down, he wants to have what they have or even be like them.
Greedy - Greedy, he is excessively greedy in everything he does and wants. He wants it all from everything and everyone: to be the center of attention, to have money, wealth, luxury, to enjoy life, relishing all types of pleasures, sex, drugs, food, drink. Life is to be enjoyed, it is short; eat, drink and be merry for tomorrow we die.
Conclusion – Whatever the script, in the movie or in life, the real villain exerts some or many of these flaws, always with the intention of winning and getting the best out of others and out of situations, because fundamentally he finds himself the center of attention and the whole world is indebted to him.
THE ANTIHERO
The Bad reputation
In my village without pretention
I have a bad reputation,
Whatever I do is the same
Everyone thinks it is bad
I don't think I do any harm to anybody
For wanting to live outside the flock;
On the day of the national holiday
I stay in my cozy bed,
Music marches to the beat of boots
This is no concern of mine.
In this world there is no greater sin
Than that of not following the flag.
People don't like that
A guy that has his own faith (encore)
Everybody, everybody is looking down on me
Except the blind of course.
When I see an unlucky thief
Chased by a rich man
I trip him up
And the rich man finds himself on the ground
Yet I don’t do any harm to anyone
By letting an apple thief run.
George Brassens
The bat
The Eagle, the queen of birds, and the Lion, the king of the beasts, established a truce to the war they had been waging for some time and met one day to decide what to do with the bat. The Eagle denounced the bat's behavior because he joined with the birds when they were victorious, saying that he was like them because he flew. The Lion made the same complaint because when the animals accused him of being a spy bird, he said he was a mammal because he had no beak, but had mouth and teeth, had no feathers but had fur. In the end both the birds and the mammals condemned him to live alone and fly only at night.
Aesop Fables
The aforementioned texts reveal some characteristics or the profile of the antihero, a difficult person to categorize, the black sheep of the family, with much self-love and a certain selfishness without exaggeration. He is the kind who never trouble, trouble, until trouble troubles him! He is opportunistic, seeks his own interest with the least effort and without great harm to others.
The antihero has characteristics of a hero, but also has common traits with a villain: he does not embody ideals like the hero, he is a normal and current character, and is neither good nor bad. He is not selfless like the hero, but rather is selfish like the villain, although he does not descend to as low as the latter nor does he ascend to as high as the former.
One of the greatest difference in relation to the hero is that, while for the hero the ends do not justify the means used to achieve them, however noble they may be, for the antihero the ends do justify the means, however violent and immoral they may be. The antihero considers himself a realist, not an idealist, he seeks practical solutions in the short term, and does not believe in the state justice system which he considers too lenient and ineffective in solving problems.
He acts on the logic of an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Therefore, he is usually more righteous than fair, matching or even surpassing the villain in the use of violence that he considers fully justified. Selfish and motivated more by self-interest than by common interest, in case of conflict, he never sacrifices self-interest, unlike the hero. If the two interests coincide then all the better and if they don't, he always tries to pull the burning coals to his sardine. The antihero never puts his own life at risk for the sake of others like the hero does.
Between the white of the hero and the black of the villain there are countless shades of grays that correspond to multiple ways of being an antihero. There are examples for all tastes: antiheroes who are closer to heroes and antiheroes who are closer to villains.
As an example of antiheroes, we have the dwarf Tyrion of Game of Thrones, whom many can identify with; he has a certain nobility, but, as they say in Portuguese, he is one of those who only gives a sausage to whoever gives him a pig; everything always has a price, a “quid pro quo”. The antihero is always a person with limitation: he may lack feelings, physical beauty, intelligence, willpower, motivation, virtues, qualities that the hero possesses in abundance
In movies and television series, the hero and the villain are characters so simple and predictable that they provoke some disinterest. The figure of the antihero in today’s movies, on the other hand, is much more complex and difficult to predict in terms of reaction and action. Sometimes his inclination is closer to the villain’s, other times to the hero’s, but he never fits one hundred percent in either mold.
The values of the antihero are a personalized mixture of the hero's values and the villain's counter values or flaws. Each antihero has his own blend, depending on his education and the vicissitudes of his life. He is always an ambiguous, complex and mysterious figure, difficult to define because he has traits of both the hero and the villain.
To illustrate this article, I chose the character of Batman as the hero, and Joker as the villain as he acts opposite Batman in a somewhat amusing way, but ruthless in his actions. Finally, we have Jack Sparrow as the antihero, with whom almost everyone identifies for acting or being the symbol of the "aurea mediocritas", that is, of moderation in every sense: he does not set a very high bar for ideals, nor too low when it comes to flaws.
As we have already said, the figure of the multifaceted antihero is the one that dominates the film industry today. Since he reproduces on screen the simple life of the ordinary citizen, it is easier for people to identify with him than with the hero of extraordinary facts and unattainable virtues.
The bar has been lowered, the ideals of self-sacrifice for the other are the things of another era. People no longer want to be meaningful but yes to be happy and to have a good life. If it is necessary to prevaricate, they prevaricate, if it is necessary to break the law in all its provisions, they break the law and hope not to be caught. In a world where truth and practically everything else is relative, anything goes; nobody gives anything for nothing, it's "save yourself if you can" and in whatever way you can.
Conclusion: The time of heroes and villains is behind us, a time when movies had educational purposes. In the world of "50 Shades of Grey" there are many more than 50 profiles of antiheroes.
Fr. Jorge Amaro, IMC
